2010年7月21日 星期三

多15%總分?還是少15%總分?——當基測指考可以吹冷氣

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  今天看到「美眉考滿分 捨北一女選附中」這一則新聞,裡面提到:

  王昱文昨說:「二測衝刺期間,每天苦讀13小時,為了適應7月考試時的高溫天氣,在家念書絕不開冷氣。」昨拿下412分的滿分,她開心地說:「雖然要求自己要零失誤,但還是有點訝異。」

  第一個想到的是,這個國中生(或是家長)該不會是有讀過類似《大腦當家-靈活用腦12守則,學習工作更上層樓Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School》這類心理學的書籍,知道記憶在相同的情境下比較容易記起來,才會不開冷氣唸書。

  然後,我又突然想起明年基測指考開放吹冷氣的事(「教部埋單 明年基測指考可開冷氣囉」)。哪些人家的小孩唸書時沒有冷氣可以吹?應該是窮苦人家的小孩佔多數。出考題時,或許會有人注意到題目是否有城鄉差距,但考試環境的改變,有人會注意到這個貧富差距嗎?

補充:
  中文版的《大腦當家-靈活用腦12守則,學習工作更上層樓Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School》送人了,先摘錄英文版的內容。

  In one of the most unusual experiments performed in cognitive psychology, the brain function of people standing around on dry ground in wet suits was compared with the brain function of people floating in about 10 feet of water, also in wet suits. Both groups of deep-sea divers listened to somebody speak 40 random words. The divers were then tested for their ability to recall the list of words. The group that heard the words while in the water got a 15 percent better score if they were asked to recall the words while back in those same 10 feet than if they were on the beach. The group that heard the words on the beach got a 15 percent better score if they were asked to recall the words while suited on the beach than if in 10 feet of water. It appeared that memory worked best if the environmental conditions at retrieval mimicked the environmental conditions at encoding.(《大腦當家-靈活用腦12守則,學習工作更上層樓Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School》英文版頁113)

  簡單地說,心理學家做了實驗,不管你背東西時的情境舒不舒服,只要你在回憶時的情境跟背時相似,會比不相似時的表現高出15%的分數。也就是說,如果你唸書時沒吹冷氣,假如考場沒冷氣時你可以考115分,考場有冷氣時,你可能會考100分。如果你唸書時吹冷氣,假如考場有冷氣時,你可以考115分,考場沒冷氣時,你可能會考100分。


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